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Volume 25, Issue 113, July 2021

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Background: Medical education is a highly demanding curriculum which faces long hours of studying. This study aims to identify the most employed coping mechanisms among International Medical Students (IMU) undergraduate medical students. This gives us information on the nature of the coping mechanism (active vs avoidant) and the need for social and psychological intervention, counselling programs, peer and mentor support. Methods: A cross sectional study involving 297 participants of International Medical University (IMU) undergraduate medical students was done. Brief Cope Questionnaire was used to determine the coping mechanisms to stress among IMU undergraduate students. We used a validated questionnaire and analyzed the final results using SPSS. Results: A total of 297 participants were included in the study. According to the results, the most popular coping mechanisms are emotional support (27%) (OR=0.0006, 95% CI=0.0000 to 0.0101, P < 0.0001), instrumental support (24%) (OR=0.0005, 95% CI=0.0000 to 0.0088, P < 0.0001), positive reframing (24%) (OR=0.0005, 95% CI=0.0000 to 0.0088, P < 0.0001) and acceptance (23%)(OR=0.0005, 95% CI = 0.0000 to 0.0087, P < 0.0001) whereas the least popular methods used are denial, substance use and behavioral disengagement. There is no correlation between age, semester and coping mechanisms.

Table of Contents

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ANALYSIS

Approaches toward stress among International Medical University Students

Mohammad Arshad Ikram, Lim Wen Wei, Maryam Razali, Vanessa YY Lee, Sushmietha S Raj, Lee Kun Ze

Background: Medical education is a highly demanding curriculum which faces long hours of studying. This study aims to identify the most employed coping mechanisms among International Medical Students (IMU) undergraduate medical students

Medical Science, 2021, 25(113), 1502-1506

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CASE REPORT

Cutaneous mucormycosis with maxillary sinus fistula as a presenting feature of COVID-19: A rare case report

Mansi Patel, Dhruv Talwar, Sunil Kumar, Sourya Acharya, Ayush Dubey, Vidyashree Hulkoti, Sameera Dronamraju

Deadly secondary infections caused by Rhizopus species leading to mucormycosis have taken the world by storm. Most common presenting features of COVID-19 remain congectival congestion, headache and blurring of vision

Medical Science, 2021, 25(113), 1507-1512

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Bradycardia, Renal failure, AV node blocker, Shock, Hyperkalemia (BRASH syndrome): Don’t ignore it

Prerna Verma, Dhruv Talwar, Neha Phate, Sunil Kumar

BRASH syndrome is characterised by bradycardia, renal failure, hyperkalemia and use of an AV nodal blocker (AVNB). These symptoms form a vicious cycle seen in a patient having reduced glomerular filtration rate who are on AVNB.

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1513-1516

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Facial colliculus syndrome with inflammatory cranial neuritis in a patient with covid 19 with mucormycosis superinfection

Shivam Khanna, Dhruv Talwar, Sunil Kumar, Sourya Acharya, Vidya Hulkoti, Sparsh Madan

Features of unilateral cranial nerve 7th lower motor neuron palsy and same sided 6th nerve involvement without hemiplegia or hemiparesis is a rare clinical entity in itself, which is referred to as Facial Colliculus Syndrome

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1517-1521

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ANALYSIS

Laboratory investigation and clinical outcomes in sickle cell disease patients infected with COVID-19: A single-center experience in India

Sunmeet Matkar, Ajit Gangawane

Background: Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) have been part of the population 'high-risk' group since the COVID‐19 pandemic. This study focused to understand impact ofCOVID-19 on clinical outcomes in SCD

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1522-1529

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RESEARCH

Mechanisms of C2-ceramide-induced apoptosis in osteoblasts

Turki Y Alhazzazi, Raghad A Al-Dabbagh, Nadia A Al-Hazmi, Sahar Bukhary, Dania F Bogari, Daniel Weekes, Fraser Mc Donald, Peter Hill, Agamemnon E Grigoriadis

Dysregulated osteoblast programmed cell death (PCD) is implicated in metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis. Ceramide, a precursor to all complex sphingolipids, is a secondary messenger in PCD

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1530-1541

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Antioxidant action of green tea extract in alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats: An experimental laboratory-based study

Ali Hassan A Ali, Ali Yaqoub Alali, Rasheed A Alhajri, Abdulrahman M Aldawsari, Ammar H AlHeseni, Nasser S Aldosari

Background: Green tea extract can regulate blood sugar and encourage weight loss due to its high antioxidant content. Several studies have shown that green tea extract can improve general health and may help protect against many diseases

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1542-1550

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ANALYSIS

Human parvovirus B19 sero-molecular prevalence in Madinah blood donors, Saudi Arabia

Amjad Yousuf

The human parvovirus B19 is known to cause erythema infectiosum in children. The virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets, vertically from mother to fetus, via blood transfusion, and by transplantation of body organs

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1551-1557

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Patient’s satisfaction with primary health care services in Arar city, Saudi Arabia

Ahmad Awad R Alenazi, Trke Mohammed A Alhazmi, Abdulaziz Ramdan H Almatrafi, Mashail Basheir Alhusaini Alshammari

Background: Patient satisfaction is considered as a legitimate and an important measure to the quality of health care provided. Moreover, it has been shown to be associated with better outcomes

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1558-1566

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E-cigarette a path away from tobacco or towards it, Riyadh, KSA

Amar Fathi M Khalifah , Abdullah Sulaiman Bin Hamad, Mansour Fahad Almusayab, Ammar Abdu Alkhatabi, Mohammed Ayoub Aljayan, Mohammed Hassan Alsomali, Mustafa Akram Hashem, Saad Abdullah Alsaif, Osama Abdu Alkhatabi, Talal Abdullatif Faden, Abdulrahman Abdulaziz Al Moaqal, Ahmed Nihad Sabooni, Sultan Abdulaziz Alsaif

Background: cigarette smoking is one of risk factors for early mortality due to cancer, cardiovascular disease, and (COPD) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The study aims to determine whether e-cigarette helps in tobacco cessation

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1567-1571

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Prevalence of maxillary sinus abnormalities in asymptomatic Saudi adult population

Ali Hassan A Ali, Omar O Serhan, Ali Amer Hamdi, Fahad M Alotaibi, Ahmed M Alsomali, Abdulrahman S Alshammari, Alwaleed R Alshammari, Saeed M Oraydah

Objective: The aim of our work was to study the prevalence of maxillary sinus abnormalities in asymptomatic Saudi adult population using computed tomography

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1572-1577

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Intensive treatment of lymphedema and mobilization of liquids in body segments

Maria de Fatima Guerreiro Godoy, Jose Maria Pereira de Godoy, Lívia Maria Pereira de Godoy, Henrique Jose Pereira de Godoy, Rogerio Rodrigo Ramos

Background: Lymphedema is a clinical condition associated with a functional or mechanical deficiency of the lymphatic system, leading to the accumulation of macromolecules in the interstitial space and the consequent retention of liquids

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1578-1582

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CASE SERIES

Type 2 myocardial infarction in COVID19: World’s first case series

Gaurav Jagtap, Dhruv Talwar, Sunil Kumar , Sourya Acharya, Iftekhar Ansari, Meenal Rajput

Type 2 Myocardial Infarction is characterized as a myocardial infarction which is caused by factors other than Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). The causative factor for a secondary myocardial infarction is a disbalance between oxygen supply and its demand.

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1583-1588

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ANALYSIS

Duration of operation in association with surgical site infection in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Hassan Ahmed S Aljudia, Osama Abdulaziz A Alhassan, Abdullah Mohammad G Alruwaili, Rawan Humaidy H Alshammary, Bader Menwer N Albilasi, Marwan Abdalaziz J Alfrhoud, Jumanah Mohammed D Alanazi, Osama Mohammed F Alenzi, Yazeed Mayah D Alazmi, Omar Abdulaziz A Alhassan

Introduction: Although surgical site infections (SSIs) are preventable complications of surgical procedures, they continue to represent a threat to public health, having a critical effect on patients and healthcare systems

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1589-1597

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Correlations among body mass index, body balance and bone mineral density in elderly women

Azza Mohammed Abdelmohsen, Bassam Ahmed Nabil, Asmaa Foad Abdelmonem

Objective: The target of this study was to assess the correlation between each two of the following variables; body mass index (BMI), body balance, and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women in order to detect the threatening factors that predispose them to fractures.

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1598-1605

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Self-esteem following noninvasive cosmetic procedures

Malak Almutlq, Shahad Alruwaili, Faris Binyousef, Hanan Alruwaybiah, Nada Alharthi, Sattam Alzahrani, Mohammed AlKhudhair, Khalid Bin Abdulrahman, Fajer Alzamil

Background: Low self-esteem and life satisfaction are common reasons patients seek cosmetic procedures, which improve a patient’s appearance with enhanced aesthetic appeal, balance, and proportion

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1606-1614

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Association between combined homozygous MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms and adverse effects in Saudi pediatric patients receiving dental treatment under nitrous oxide sedation

Sara M Bagher, Amina M Bagher, Narmin Helal

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a commonly used safe and effective inhalational anesthetic agent in pediatric dentistry. Here, we aimed to evaluate the association between methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1615-1619

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Knowledge and perception of dental students and practitioners towards treatment of dental fluorosis

Waseem Radwan, Jumana Al Dulijan, Ranya Abubotain, Aynaa Alrifae, Dina Alismail, Linah Alzeghaibi, Noura Alawaifi, Jude Alrajhi

Introduction: Dental fluorosis in the anterior teeth may raise esthetic concerns in many patients. There are several methods in dentistry to correct esthetic alterations caused by staining.

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1620-1630

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Insomnia during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown: Prevalence, severity, and associated risk factors in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Ahmed M Faheem, Ali S Al Qarni, Narjes A Al banawi, Nahid K Abashar, Hanadi S Al Wagdani, Razan O Al Amri

Objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly infectious respiratory disease; it was spread globally to plenty of countries which can be effect on peoples sleep pattern and their psychological condition

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1631-1640

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Red meat consumption and cardiovascular diseases in Al-Ahsa governorate, Saudi Arabia

Eman Elsheikh, Loay Alsaad, Jawad Almarzooq, Adnan Al Ali, Abdullah Bukanan

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) poses a major burden of diseases on Saudi Arabia. One of the potential dietary risk factors which are associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases is meat consumption

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1641-1651

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Digitally reproduced dental casts: Validating the duplication of dental casts utilizing 3D digital scanners and a 3D printer system

Lamia Almutairi, Bushra Alotaibi, Sarah Alkhattab, Mohammed Awawdeh

Purpose: To evaluate the efficiency between three different scanners in the College of Dentistry in King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS) in terms of obtaining accurate 3D models.

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1652-1660

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The therapeutic effect of an organosulfur-derived capsule (Nicovid) as a supplementary treatment for covid-19 patients

Hossein Niktale, Shahram Shokri, Abbas Nosrati, Mohammad Ghasemi, Maryam Houshmand, Ima Mansori, Roghaye Niktale

Background: From the emergence of the novel corona virus, several drugs have been proposed for its treatment. New compounds are being tested on a regular basis to find the most effective drug for ameliorating the symptoms of this infection

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1661-1668

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Workforce development among oral health providers in ministry of health facilities in Jazan, Saudi Arabia

Mosa A Shubayr, Estie Kruger, Marc Tennant

Background: This study provides an overview of dental training participation- related activities reported by Saudi Ministry of Health-associated oral healthcare providers in Jazan, Saudi Arabia

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1669-1680

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RESEARCH

The anticariogenic effect of xylitol on seven Streptococcus mutans strains

Hani M Nassar, Turki Y Alhazzazi, Loai W Hazzazi, Richard L Gregory

Introduction: Xylitol can affect caries-inducing bacteria; however, different Streptococcus mutans strains might respond differently. Aim: To investigate the effect of xylitol on biofilm formation and metabolic activity of seven S. mutans strains

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1681-1690

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ANALYSIS

Quality of life in pediatric with asthma during the COVID-19 pandemic: Moderating role of coronavirus-related anxiety in children and mothers

Amin Sohrabzadeh Fard, Maryam Bakhtiari, Narges Eslami, Abbas Masjedi Arani

Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) has affected the quality of life of children and parents. Furthermore, the mental health of children with asthma and their care givers may be affected by the anxious conditions of the coronavirus

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1691-1698

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Occupational injuries among radiologist in Saudi Arabia: A cross sectional study

Malak Almutlq, Fahad Almotairy, Abdullah Alhassoun, Ghadah Al-Hussain, Khalid Alswayed, Mohammed Alswayah, Kholoud Sandougah

Background: Any injury or illness that has resulted in a limitation in an individual's working area is referred to as an occupational injury. This Study aimed to illustrate the types of work-related injuries experienced by medical imaging professionals

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1699-1709

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Effect of isometric back endurance exercises on patients with non-specific chronic low back pain: Randomized control trail

Ibrahim Metwally Dewir

Objective: The study's goal was to determine the impact of isometric back endurance exercises on pain, function and trunk extensor muscles endurance

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1710-1716

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Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy to hepatocellular carcinoma associated portal vein tumor thrombosis: Safety profile and toxicity

Aalaa Gamil, Alaa Fayed, Abdel Motaleb Mohamed, Reham Safwat Fahmy

In this study we aimed to determine safety profile and acute side effects of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) to portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) in cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1717-1724

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Evaluation of medical parasitology learning activity in undergraduate medical and nursing students at Universitas Padjadjaran

Afiat Berbudi, Naufal Harits Sunnii, Kurniawan, Kurnia Wahyudi

As a tropical country, the incidence of infectious diseases caused by parasites in Indonesia is still high. Therefore, local medical and nursing students need to be equipped with adequate knowledge of medical parasitology

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1725-1730

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Neonatal pneumothorax in association with APGAR score: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Nazim Faisal Hamed, Naif Mutkhan Alsharari, Ahmed Saeed Alshahrani, Ghabban Ahmad Jamal R Ghabban, Nawaf Oudah S Alhawiti, Faris Faez R Alanazi, Hamad Ibrahim H Albalawi, Hashim Essam Salamah, Bassim Khalid Alraddadi, Abdalla Mohamed Bakr Ali

Introduction: Pneumothorax (PTX) is a potentially fatal condition that primarily affects neonates. Premature babies are more likely to have underlying lung diseases, such as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), which increases the risk of air leakage

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1731-1738

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Prevalence of abnormal pulmonary functions in Parkinson’s disease and its correlation to the disease severity and quality of life

Mohammed Elsherif, Asem Abdelhamid Hewidy, Tamer Elhadidy, Ahmed Esmael, Mohamed Elsayed Flifel

Purpose: To know the effects of Parkinson’s disease (PD) on pulmonary function parameters and the extent of this on the severity of the disease and quality of life to give more understanding of the nature of the disease and its effects

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1739-1747

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Knowledge, attitude and practice of bariatric surgeries among Saudi population: A cross sectional survey

Manal Ibrahim Hanafi Mahmoud, Mohammad Nabil Khojah, Ethar Ahmed Alreheily, Saeed Ahmad Halabieh, Faisal Mohammed Khoshaim, Asmaa Abdel Nasser

Background: Obesity is a major community health problem worldwide including Saudi Arabia due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. About one third of the Saudi community has obesity

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1748-1757

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RETRACTED: Thyroid status among children with psychiatric disease, in Tabuk City, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Hyder Mirghani, Sarah Salah S Alsalem, Shahad Suliman H Aljuhani, Amal Nafea J Alharbi, Afnan Saleh M Alsaiari, Dai Samran L Almutairi

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1758-1764

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Is hypercholesterolemia adequately covered in medical schools? A cross-sectional study on knowledge levels among Saudi medical students

Saud Alrashoud, Sulaiman Alfouzan, Fayez Alshehri, Mohammed Almutawa, Faisal Alsharif, Rakan Alfouzan, Alwaleed Albadi, Mohammad Alshammri

Background: Cholesterol is a fatty substance that is essential to performs several functions in the body. Hypercholesterolemia is a term prescribing the presence of high levels of cholesterol in the blood

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1765-1773

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Ultrasound measured collapsibility of inferior vena cava comparison with central venous pressure in critically ill patients

Maytham M Kadhim, Abdul Sattar Hadi Ibrahim, Muthana Abdul Kadhim Saad

Objective: In critically ill intensive care unit patients, the link between central venous pressure (CVP) readings and ultrasound measurements of the inferior vena cava diameter and collapsibility index was investigated

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1774-1779

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The perineural injection and double perivascular infiltration techniques in ultrasound -guided axillary brachial plexus block: A comparison study

Luay Talib Abdulmunem, Mohammad Asi Jabbar, Mortada Abd Al-Hussian Jubara

Background: Axillary brachial plexus block is widely used regional anesthesia technique for surgical procedure involving upper limbs. Ultrasound-guided Axillary Brachial Plexus Block (ABPB) provided the same fate and complication rates like nerve stimulation option

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1780-1787

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CASE REPORT

Garcin syndrome: A rare complication of rhinocerebral mucormycosis in post covid patient

Sanyukta Hepat, Abhijit Wadekar, Aditi Goyal, Samarth Shukla, Sourya Acharya, Sunil Kumar

Rhino cerebral mucormycosis (RCM) is now one of the rapidly emerging opportunistic, destructive and angioinvasive fungal infection with a very high mortality and morbidity

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1788-1794

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ANALYSIS

Comparing clinical requirements for oral and maxillofacial surgery among undergraduate Saudi dental colleges

Reem Almalki, Reem Al Oboud, Ghaida Aljammaz, Sondus Baghdadi, Hadeel Albarkheel, Mohammad Awawdeh

Aim: This study aims to evaluate the current status of the Saudi undergraduate training in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Saudi dental colleges, through comparing the clinical requirements performed by the undergraduate dental students

Medical Science, 2021,25(113), 1795-1802

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