REVIEW
The role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of depression
Julia Gałązka, Filip Gałązka, Agata Olecka, Tomasz Karwowski, Zuzanna Czuba, Mateusz Mazurek, Maciej Świerczyna, Mikołaj Kotusiewicz, Fryderyka Orawczak, Jakub Majcherek
Depression is a severe, common mental health disorder with complex contributing factors. It is a severe problem in modern medicine, because standard therapies (such as pharmacological and psychotherapy) often are not enough to achieve complete symptom relief
Medical Science, 2026, 30, e21ms3743
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Urinary Incontinence among Female Athletes: A Review of prevalence, prevention and treatment
Janina Alicja Pohrybieniuk, Magdalena Bartold, Marta Piotraszewska, Maria Irena Grys, Filip Kochański, Karolina Wołk, Aleksandra Jaskulska, Jan Pietrzak, Dominika Błonka, Magda Skudzińska
Introduction: Urinary incontinence, particularly stress urinary incontinence, is prevalent in female athletes competing in high-impact sports because of pelvic floor muscle strain due to repeated pressure on the pelvic floor muscle
Medical Science, 2026, 30, e22ms3773
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Anorexia nervosa as a systemic disease: multisystem complications and their clinical significance
Agata Olecka, Filip Gałązka, Julia Gałązka, Tomasz Karwowski, Zuzanna Czuba, Mateusz Mazurek, Maciej Świerczyna, Mikołaj Kotusiewicz, Fryderyka Orawczak, Jakub Majcherek
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder with many factors - biological, psychological, and social. Chronic energy deficiency leads to adaptive but also pathological changes in many body systems
Medical Science, 2026, 30, e23ms3746
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Portal Vein Thrombosis a literature review of the clinical outcomes associated with different management strategies in patients with liver cirrhosis
Michał Dworak, Marta Kowalska, Tomasz Wiśniewski, Mateusz Matyja, Anna Mazur, Julia Brodziak, Katarzyna Fojcik, Wiktoria Ciszewska, Zofia Kosztyła-Czech
Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a frequent complication in patients with liver cirrhosis, often leading to a deterioration in patients' clinical condition. The treatment of PVT relies on anticoagulation therapy
Medical Science, 2026, 30, e24ms3769
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Impact of Massive Transfusion Protocol Implementation on Survival, Blood Product Utilization, and Quality Indicators in Trauma: A Systematic Reviews
Mazi Mohammed Alanazi, Mohammed Aamer A Alsuwaigh, Abdullah Ahmad A Twair, Abdulmajeed Salem Alkraidis
Background: Massive transfusion protocols (MTPs) decrease traumatic hemorrhage mortality, allow balanced blood component replacement, and decrease the delays in hypothermia correction
Medical Science, 2026, 30, e25ms3759
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Point of Care Ultrasound for Skin and Soft Tissue Abscesses in the ED: Diagnostic Accuracy, Management Strategies, and Clinical Outcomes
Mazi Mohammed Alanazi, Ibrahim Abdalmahsn Alresaini, Amjad Mohammed Albanna
Background: one of the common presentations to emergency department (ED) are skin and soft tissue abscesses. During physical examination cellulitis and drainable collections may be missed which lead to delayed drainage or unnecessary procedures
Medical Science, 2026, 30, e26ms3789
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Modern methods of treating chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps – A review
Maciej Świerczyna, Agata Olecka, Filip Gałązka, Fryderyka Orawczak, Jakub Majcherek, Julia Gałązka, Mateusz Mazurek, Zuzanna Czuba, Mikołaj Kotusiewicz, Tomasz Karwowski
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by a long-term inflammatory process in the upper airways that is mainly driven by type-2 immune responses, including IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13.
Medical Science, 2026, 30, e27ms3738
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Conservative and Surgical Management of Knee Osteoarthritis (Gonarthrosis)
Aleksandra Bilińska, Ewa Gloc, Dominika Dmowska, Rafał Ejsner, Mateusz Mierniczek, Maria Mierniczek, Paweł Zdebski, Urszula Marzec, Daniel Załęski
Knee osteoarthritis, also known as gonarthrosis, is a common joint condition that causes cartilage breakdown. It often leads to pain, limited movement, and a lower quality of life
Medical Science, 2026, 30, e28ms3816
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Eagle Syndrome: Innovative Approaches to Diagnosis and Management - A Narrative Review
Natalia Kruszewska, Natalia Rosół, Michał Cholewiński, Paweł Szajewski, Justyna Kącikowska, Agata Pluta, Alicja Pełszyk, Justyna Łapicka, Daria Marciniak, Natalia Ziółkowska, Adrianna Kępa
Eagle Syndrome (ES) is a condition caused by elongation of the styloid process or deformity of the stylohyoid ligament. This abnormal process disrupts the function of adjacent anatomical structures
Medical Science, 2026, 30, e29ms3777
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The impact of an omega-3 fatty acid–rich diet on brain and heart health
Michał Wójcicki, Milena Kędzierska, Michał Biernacki, Agnieszka Kowalska
Fatty acids build cell membranes, and the polyunsaturated group includes the essential omega-3s: alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid
Medical Science, 2026, 30, e30ms3792
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Infections in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: Epidemiology, Risk Prediction, and Prevention Strategies - A Review
Kacper Kopeć, Marta Ciszewska, Gabriela Szubert, Małgorzata Gasińska-Franas
Infections are a leading cause of morbidity and premature mortality in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Patients with MM face a 5–7-fold increased risk of bacterial infections and even a 10-fold higher risk of viral infections
Medical Science, 2026, 30, e31ms3818
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Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: an overview of pathophysiology, diagnostic strategies, and therapeutic options
Tomasz Wiśniewski, Marta Kowalska, Anna Mazur, Katarzyna Fojcik, Wiktoria Ciszewska, Wiktor Werenkowicz, Zofia Kosztyła-Czech, Julia Brodziak, Michał Dworak, Mateusz Matyja
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a vestibular disorder and also the most common cause of peripheral vertigo in patients. Due to its high frequency and recurrent nature, BPPV remains a significant clinical issue
Medical Science, 2026, 30, e32ms3779
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Regional Anesthesia in Postoperative Pain Management: Mechanism, Techniques, and Clinical Considerations – A Review
Marta Ciszewska, Gabriela Szubert, Małgorzata Gasińska- Franas, Kacper Kopeć
Regional anesthesia is commonly used after surgery and plays an important role in managing postoperative pain. Even with progress in surgical and anesthetic techniques, many patients still experience noticeable pain following their procedures.
Medical Science, 2026, 30, e33ms3821
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Dementia with Lewy Bodies: Diverse Signs and Symptoms, Diverse Therapeutic Approaches - A Review of the Literature
Jakub Molenda, Adrianna Klimczak, Barbara Pietrzak, Mikołaj Patelski, Maciej Czapla, Mateusz Surma, Marta Kamińska, Matylda Kuczma, Wiktoria Mikusek, Wiktoria Kotlarz, Krzysztof Dobrzeniecki
Dementia with Lewy bodies belongs to the most common neurodegenerative diseases; however, it is frequently misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed due to its broad spectrum of clinical signs and symptoms.
Medical Science, 2026, 30, e34ms3776
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Botulinum toxin in the treatment of bruxism and temporomandibular joint disorders
Milena Kędzierska, Michał Wójcicki, Agnieszka Kowalska, Michał Biernacki
Bruxism and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are common problems with the jaw and chewing muscles. These conditions have many causes, including overactive jaw muscles, stress or other psychological factors, and changes in how pain is processed
Medical Science, 2026, 30, e35ms3800
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Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocols in Oncologic Surgery: Current Evidence and Clinical Outcomes – A Systematic Review
Gabriela Szubert, Marta Ciszewska, Kacper Kopeć, Małgorzata Gasińska-Franas
Unfortunately, cancer remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Surgical resection plays a crucial role, especially in the case of solid tumors.
Medical Science, 2026, 30, e36ms3817
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Creatine Supplementation - therapeutic use and benefits for athletes: A Review
Jakub Szmit, Marta Wolszczak, Hanna Wołodkiewicz
Introduction: Creatine has become one of the most popular dietary supplements and is a very important substance in cellular metabolism. The human body can produce creatine endogenously
