Volume 29, Issue 163, September 2025

Tirzepatide in weight management and metabolic fitness: clinical efficacy, safety, and future applications in type 2 diabetes, obesity, and sports nutrition

Klaudia Głodowska^1♦, Małgorzata Bacik¹, Kacper Kiereta¹, Zuzanna Cichowska¹, Katarzyna Wacławek², Jakub Żelazo³, Aleksandra Rechcińska⁴, Anna Ciesielka⁵, Laura Chmielowiec⁶, Bartłomiej Józef Rdzanek⁷, Witold Czarnik⁸

¹Wrocław Medical University, wyb. Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
²University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Michała Oczapowskiego 2, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
³Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, mal. mjr. Wacława Kopisto 2A35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
⁴Central Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Łódź, Poland
⁵Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, al. Tadeusza Rejtana 16C 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
⁶Dolnośląskie Centrum Onkologii, Pulmonologii i Hematologii, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wrocław, Poland
⁷Medical University in Lublin, Al. Racławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
⁸Medical University of Łódź, al. Tadeusza Kościuszki 4, 90-419 Łódź, Poland

^♦Corresponding author
Klaudia Głodowska, Wrocław Medical University, wyb. Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland

ABSTRACT

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a disease which states as most serious global health problems of current times, described as global pandemic. The history of diabetes treatment has been evolving over the past decades, starting with the invention of an animal-derived insulin in the early 20th century, with still developing therapies, ending. One of the most promising drug groups in diabetes treatment is twincretins (dual GIP and GLP-1R agonists), which entered the market in the 20s of the XXI century. Tirzepatide, which show combines antihyperglycemic effect, reduces cardiovascular risk and helps patient with weight management is a a representative of twincretins.

Keywords: Tirzepatide, Dual GIP/GLP-1 agonist, SURPASS clinical trials, Incretinbased therapy, Cardiovascular risk reduction, Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), Metabolic fitness, Weight loss

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e190ms3723

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.54905/disssi.v29i163.e190ms3723

Published: 29 September 2025