Volume 29, Issue 163, September 2025

Dietary and gut microbial factors in the development of bipolar disorder

Witold Czarnik^1♦, Anna Broniecka¹, Karol Batko¹, Aleksandra Jakubczak¹, Stanisław Malik¹, Katarzyna Wacławek², Klaudia Głodowska³, Małgorzata Bacik³, Bartłomiej Józef Rdzanek⁴

¹Medical University of Łódź al. Tadeusza Kościuszki 4, 90-419 Łódź, Poland
²University of Warmia and Mazury, Michała Oczapowskiego 2, Olsztyn, Poland
³Wrocław Medical University wyb. Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
⁴Medical University in Lublin Al. Racławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland

^♦Corresponding author
Witold Czarnik Medical University of Łódź al. Tadeusza Kościuszki 4, 90-419 Łódź, Poland

ABSTRACT

Recent scientific studies have proven that gut microbiota functions as a critical factor in mental disorder development, including bipolar disorder (BD), Depression, and Schizophrenia. The gastrointestinal tract contains microorganisms that influence neurotransmission and control neuroendocrine and immune system responses and create microbial metabolites to manage inflammation. The management of psychiatric conditions shows promise through microbiota-directed interventions which include dietary changes probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). The current review examines existing studies about how gut microbiota, together with dietary components, influence bipolar disorder progression from its first stages until its full development.

Keywords: gut microbiota, bipolar disorder, Mediterranean diet

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e182ms3718

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.54905/disssi.v29i163.e182ms3718

Published: 27 September 2025