Volume 29, Issue 162, August 2025

Effect of increased body mass index on the risk of prostate cancer: Systematic review

Maciej Wyskok^1♦, Michał Kluska², Anna Bieda⁴, Julia Beata Krasnodębska³, Arkadiusz Zaremba⁵, Karolina Stachyra⁶, Marta Borecka⁷, Przemysław Kwiatka⁷, Karolina Hanusz⁷, Mateusz Leśniewski³, Filip Kasperczak⁸

¹Academy of Silesia Rolna 43, 40-555 Katowice, Poland
²Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny im. prof. W. Orłowskiego CMKP, Czerniakowska 231, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland
³Czerniakowski Hospital, Stępińska 19/25 00-739 Warsaw Poland
⁴Mazovian Bródnowski Hospital, Ludwika Kondratowicza 8, 03-242 Warsaw, Poland
⁵Scanmed Rudolf Weigl Hospital in Blachownia, Sosnowa 16, 42-290 Blachownia, Poland
⁶1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Plac Sokratesa Starynkiewicza 1, 02-015 Warsaw, Poland
⁷National Medical Institute of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration Wołoska 137, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
⁸University of Opole 11a Kopernika Sq, 45-040 Opole, Poland

^♦Corresponding author
Maciej Wyskok, Academy of Silesia Rolna 43, 40-555 Katowice, Poland

ABSTRACT

Introduction; Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. A variety of factors influence the progression of prostate cancer. Body mass index (BMI) has been associated with an increased risk of developing prostate cancer. This review focuses on summarizing recent research examining the relationship between elevated body mass index and the risk of developing prostate cancer. Methods: A systematic literature search from 2000 up to April 2025 was conducted via PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases with the following keywords ("body mass index," OR "BMI," OR "obesity," OR "overweight," AND "Prostate cancer," OR "prostate carcinoma"). Results: A total of 908 articles were identified in the databases, but only 8 fulfilled the criteria for inclusion in the final review. Seven studies showed a positive association between increased body mass index and the risk of prostate cancer. In contrast, only one study found a decreased risk of prostate cancer among obese patients. Conclusions: An increased level of BMI was associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer.

Keywords: Body mass index , BMI , obesity , overweight , prostate cancer , prostate carcinoma

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e136ms3613

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.54905/disssi.v29i162.e136ms3613

Published: 18 August 2025