Volume 29, Issue 162, August 2025

Chiari malformations: a review of intervention methods

Błażej Gajęcki^1♦, Tomasz Kucharski², Agata Brzyska³, Sandra Prolejko⁴, Greta Steć⁵, Justyna Kopala⁶, Magdalena Pawlak⁷, Weronika Buczek⁸, Weronika Kotnis⁹, Jan Siemianowski¹⁰

¹Central Clinical Hospital of Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92- 213 Lodz, Poland
²Medical University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
³Central Clinical Hospital of Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92- 213 Lodz, Poland
⁴Medical University of Lodz, Kościuszki 4, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
⁵Central Clinical Hospital of Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92- 213 Lodz, Poland
⁶University Clinical Hospital No.2 of the Medical University of Lodz, Żeromskiego 113, 90-549 Łódź, Poland
⁷Central Clinical Hospital of Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92- 213 Lodz, Poland
⁸Pope John Paul II Independent Public Hospital in Zamość, Poland
⁹Medical University of Lodz, Kościuszki 4, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
¹⁰Central Clinical Hospital of Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92- 213 Lodz, Poland

^♦Corresponding author
Blazej Gajecki, Central Clinical Hospital of Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Lodz, Poland

ABSTRACT

Treatment of the four Chiari Malformations has varied throughout its short diagnostic history. As one of the more common congenital and acquired cerebral defects, current medical publishing has failed to provide an exhausting report of the morbidity. Most studies are unable to provide a complete image of known therapeutic methods for tackling this comorbidity. Engaging authors choose to write on the general representation of the disease instead of focusing on more specific fields that have not been explored to date. This review prioritises the latest advances in Chiari malformation surgery. The study focuses on the present knowledge of the disease, with special focus on current methods of treatment, including invasive or non-invasive strategies. Appropriate treatment of the condition can reduce the general mortality rate and provide well-being for those born with deformities.

Keywords: Chiari malformations, Arnold Chiari Malformation, cerebrospinal fluid, congenital disabilities, syringomyelia, syrinx, tonsil herniation, spina bifida, neurosurgery

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e129ms3618

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.54905/disssi.v29i162.e129ms3618

Published: 09 August 2025