Volume 29, Issue 156, February 2025

Etiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies in migraine management

Klaudia Konieczna^1♦, Aisha Hassan², Sara Hassan³, Szymon Bienia³, Kamil Hassan⁴, Wafa Al-Batool⁵, Izabela Zarecka⁵, Jakub Leicht², Aleksandra Kossakowska²

¹Medical University of Silesia, Dr. Henryka Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
²Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
³Medical University of Silesia, 18 Medyków Street, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
⁴Social Academy of Sciences in Łódź, Henryka Sienkiewicza 9, 90-113 Łódź, Poland
⁵Wroclaw Medical University, wyb. Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland

^♦Corresponding Author
Medical University of Silesia, Dr. Henryka Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland

ABSTRACT

Migraine is a condition that affects many people and is more common in women. It can be categorized into migraines with or without aura. The course and occurrence of the disease are determined by various factors, such as environmental, genetic, and hormonal, which contribute to its complexity. CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) also plays an essential role. This disease progresses in distinct phases, most often as follows: Prodromal phase, aura, headache phase itself, and postdromal phase, which occurs after the headache has ended. Migraine diagnosis is based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders criteria. There are pharmacological and nonpharmacological ways of dealing with this disease. Acute migraine is most commonly treated with NSAIDs and triptans, while preventive treatment is managed with beta-blockers, antiepileptic drugs, and CGRP inhibitors. Nonpharmacological methods, such as habit changes, stress management, acupuncture, and dietary changes, bring additional benefits. New therapies targeting neuroinflammation and hormonal regulation are showing promising results. This article presents the etiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic strategies associated with migraine treatment. The article also shows the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to migraine treatment. Therapy should include both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods.

Keywords: Migraines, neuroinflammation, preventive treatments, CGRP antagonists

Medical Science, 2025, 29, e30ms3499

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.54905/disssi.v29i156.e30ms3499

Published: 12 February 2025