Neuroinflammation is a crucial factor in the development of neurodegenerative
disorders, particularly Alzheimer's Disease (AD), the focus of this review. AD is
the most common cause of dementia and age-related cognitive impairment. The
existing hypotheses do not fully elucidate the pathogenesis of AD.
Neuroinflammation may prove to be a critical pathogenetic component of AD
and an important therapeutic target. The mechanisms underlying
neuroinflammation include dysregulation of the microbiota and dysfunction of
the gut-brain axis, blood-brain barrier pathology, microglia cell activation, and
oxidative stress. The presence of elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers,
including IL-1β (interleukin 1β), IL-6 (interleukin 6), and TNF-α (tumor necrosis
factor- α), has been demonstrated in AD cases in comparison to healthy subjects.
Furthermore, imaging studies lend support to the inflammatory theory of
neurodegenerative diseases. The following section will analyze the various
therapeutic strategies that have been suggested for the treatment of AD. Further
research into the inflammatory processes in neurodegenerative diseases is
essential to develop effective therapeutic strategies for patients.
Keywords: Neuroinflammation, neuronal inflammation, neurodegeneration,
Alzheimer's disease