The Nutcracker Syndrome (NCS) is a rare and ununderstood condition. The
leading cause is the compression of the left renal vein (LRV), which can lead to
symptoms such as hematuria, left flank pain, or proteinuria. Other rare
symptoms, such as hypertension and headaches, have also been reported. There
are cases where individuals exhibit radiological features of LRV compression
without clinical symptoms, referred to as the Nutcracker Phenomenon (NCP).
Additionally, NCS can be associated with other disorders such as varicocele,
pelvic congestion syndrome, superior mesenteric artery syndrome, or loin pain
hematuria syndrome. Based on the compression location, it can be classified into
anterior and posterior types. Due to its rarity and discrepancies in radiological
criteria, diagnosis can be challenging. However, there are currently many
effective and safe treatment methods available. In this paper, we have attempted
to review the available literature to gather, condense, and present the current
knowledge on this topic.
Keywords: Nutcracker Syndrome (NCS), Left Renal Vein Entrapment,
Treatment, Diagnostic, Literature Review