Volume 26, Issue 128, October 2022

Methodological approach of weighing the prevalence of depression in heart failure patients: A case control study

Fayez El Sayed El Shaer¹, Abdulaziz S Almasoud², Salem Mohammed Basalem³, Faisal Ahmed Alrayes³, Abdulmalik Abdulaziz Alharbi³, Banan Sameer Alqady³, Taibah Abdullah Alzaid³, Mohammed Ali Alqhtani³, Naif Saad Almutairi³

¹Assistant Professor Consultant Cardiologist, Department of Cardiology, King Fahad Cardiac Center, King Saud University College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
²Internal Medicine Resident, King Saud University College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
³Intern, King Saud University, King Saud University College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT

Background: People with heart failure may have associated comorbidities and illnesses, which are key risk factors for depression. In a tertiary care facility in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, the relationship between heart failure, depression, and associated comorbidities will be methodologically evaluated. Methods: From January to July 2022, a case-control research was carried out. Patients who had heart failure were considered cases, whereas healthy individuals attending the primary care facility were considered as controls. The exposure was a prior history of heart failure as assessed by the PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire 9). Score was calculated, and depression severity was categorized (mild, moderate and severe). Results: A total of 800 participants were approached, out of whom 600 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and consented to participate, 420 (70%) participants were enrolled as cases and 180 (30%) as controls. For cases vs controls, mean (SD) age was 59.512± 15.417 and 31.06±5.992 years, 265 (63.1%) and 75 (41.7%) were males, respectively. Odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) of having heart failure and being depressed (PHQ-9) was 3.02 (2.44–3.83), p value <0.0001. The association remained significant even after adjusting for gender and age in Model 1 OR (95% CI): 2.82 (2.27–3.60), p value <0.0001, hypertension and stroke in Model 2 OR (95% CI): 2.87 (2.29–3.71), p value <0.0001 and malignancy and COPD in Model 3 OR (95% CI): 2.94 (2.31–3.85), p value <0.0001. Conclusion: Heart failure and depression had direct relation especially in individuals with certain associated comorbidities as hypertension, stroke, cancer, COPD, and older male patients.

Keywords: Depression, heart failure, associated comorbidities

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms441e2487

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.54905/disssi/v26i128/ms441e2487

Published: 31 October 2022