Volume 26, Issue 128, October 2022

Myeloid sarcoma involving the central nervous system as initial presentation of acute myeloid leukemia patient: A case report

Waleed Murshid¹, Badr Hafiz^2♦, Raghad Aljohani³, Daliyah Al Qulaiti³, Omar Aljohani⁴

¹Professor and Consultant, Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
²Medical Intern, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
³Medical Intern, College of Medicine, Alrayan Colleges, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
⁴General Physician, College of Medicine, Taif University, Al Hawaiah, Saudi Arabia

^♦Corresponding author
Medical Intern, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT

Extra medullary leukemic infiltration of CNS is extremely rare, and its incidence is 3%. Myeloid sarcoma (MS) of the central nervous system (CNS) is associated with a poor prognosis and has an aggressive course. Most commonly associated with hematopoietic neoplasm and, rarely, occurs in an isolated fashion. Presentation of MS is highly variable, the patient might present with a newly neurological deficit due to mass effect that required neurosurgical consideration, and urgent debulking require as a life-saving measure as in our patients. Despite the controversial area in management of MS involving the CNS, we present a case of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with MS involving the CNS. Our patient was treated surgically as it was life-saving since the patient presented with a focal neurological deficit. Our patient was admitted for the whole duration and followed conservatively by a multidisciplinary team (neurosurgery/hematology-oncology and intensivists). Clinical presentations, neuroimaging, immunohistochemical findings, and the prognostic indicators as well as the survival rates, are discussed.

Keywords: myeloid sarcoma, central nervous system, acute myeloid leukemia, extra-medullary disease pathology

Medical Science, 2022, 26, ms394e2482

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.54905/disssi/v26i128/ms394e2482

Published: 02 October 2022