Medical Science
Volume 25, Issue 108, February, 2021
Insulin-resistance conditions as risk factors for Acanthosis nigricans: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Mohamad Ibrahim Alkhatib1, Maryam Qashqari2, Afrah Alhowety3, Ghadah Abujamea4, Anas Alsalman5, Turki Aljuhani6, Ali Aljameely7, Amal Al Mutairi8, Hiaallah Alshehri9, Naif Alshaeri10, Hassan Alnashri10, Afnan Alshanqiti11, Waleed Alshehri12, Abdulmajeed Albalawi12♦
1Resident, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
2General Practitioner, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
3General Practitioner, Alwadi Healthcare Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
4General Practitioner, Almaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
5General Practitioner, Qassime University, Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia
6Medical Intern, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
7Medical Student, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
8Medical student, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Science, Qassim University,Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia
9Medical Student, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
10Medical Student, Umm Al Qura University, Al Qunfudah College, AlQunfudah, Saudi Arabia
11Medical Intern, Alfarabi College, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
12Medical Intern, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
♦Corresponding author
Medical Intern, University of Tabuk, Tabuk,
Saudi Arabia;
Email: abdulmajeed.a489@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
2General Practitioner, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
3General Practitioner, Alwadi Healthcare Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
4General Practitioner, Almaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
5General Practitioner, Qassime University, Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia
6Medical Intern, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
7Medical Student, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
8Medical student, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Science, Qassim University,Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia
9Medical Student, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
10Medical Student, Umm Al Qura University, Al Qunfudah College, AlQunfudah, Saudi Arabia
11Medical Intern, Alfarabi College, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
12Medical Intern, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
Medical Intern, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Email: abdulmajeed.a489@gmail.com
Background: Acanthosis nigricans (AN), a dermatological condition, is characterized by dark velvety discoloration and thickening
of the skin. It has been known to be associated with various insulin-resistant conditions; however, risk factors of AN are not fully
established. Methods: We conducted a systematic search of the literature using various combinations of specific keywords. The
odds ratio (OR) and their 95% CI were used to draw forest plots. Results: In total, 37 studies were included in this meta-analysis.
The combined meta-analysis yielded an OR of 0.35 with a 95% CI of 0.19–0.64 and a P value of .0006. The type 2 diabetes mellitus
(T2DM)-related studies had an overall effect size of OR 0.24 with a 95% CI of 0.10–0.59 and a P value of .002. For obesity-related
studies, the overall effect size was OR 0.62 with a 95% CI of 0.23–1.63 and a P value of .33. PCOS-related studies yielded an OR of
0.34 with a 95% CI of 0.07–1.59 and a P value of .17. Finally, the studies on acromegaly had an effect size of -0.17 with a 95% CI
varying from -0.42 to 0.008 and a P value of .19. Conclusion: Insulin-resistance conditions such as T2DM, obesity, PCOS, and
acromegaly are important risk factors for the development of AN when their effect size is combined with strong statistical
significance. However, only T2DM shows a strong statistical significance; as a risk factor for AM when these conditions are taken
individually.
Keywords: Attitudes, COVID-19, knowledge, SARS-CoV-2, vaccine
Medical Science, 2021, 25(108), 285-299
