Volume 24, Issue 106, November - December, 2020

Evaluation the ability of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in the diagnosis of osteopenia and osteoporosis

Ikhlas Abdelaziz^1,2, Salem Saeed Alghamdi¹, Rowa Aljondi¹, Manal Garelnabi Ibrahim², Mustafa Z Mahmoud^3♦, Mohamed Yousef⁴, Somayah Alghamdi⁵, Abdulrahman Tajaldeen⁶, Hamid Osman⁷

¹Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
²Diagnostic Radiology Department, College of Medical Radiological Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
³Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
⁴Radiologic Sciences Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
⁵Radiology Department, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
⁶Radiological Science Department, College of Applied Medical Science, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
⁷Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, Ta'if, Saudi Arabia

^♦Corresponding author
Professor Mustafa Z. Mahmoud, Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia; Email: m.alhassen@psau.edu.sa

ABSTRACT

Objective: This study was designed with an aim to evaluate the ability of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in the diagnosis of osteopenia and osteoporosis. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study DXA scan was utilized to examine the bone density for 30 participants. The statistical diagnostic test was used to detect sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of a DXA scan regarding to the findings of histological histomorphometric parameters in the obtained bone biopsies. Results: The DXA scan revealed a T-score = -2.5 SD in participants 12 (40%) diagnosed with osteoporosis while a T-score = -1 SD was detected in participants 10 (33.3%) diagnosed with osteopenia. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of DXA T-score in diagnosing osteoporosis and osteopenia cases were (100%, 0% and 100%) and (91.67%, 0% and 90%), consequently. Conclusion: For the diagnosis of osteopenia and osteoporosis, DXA is sensitive and precise, however less productive than the histological histomorphometric technique for analysis with low explicitness.

Keywords: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan; Osteopenia; Osteoporosis

Medical Science, 2020, 24(106), 4541-4549

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