Medical Science
Volume 24, Issue 106, November - December, 2020
Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury among Adult Cancer Patients Receiving Nephrotoxic Chemotherapy at King Abdulaziz University Hospital
Shadi S Alkhayyat1♦, Mohammed K Basourrah2, Hanadi M Alhozali1, Rolina Al-Wassiah3, Faris R Albardi2, Hashim H Khairallah2, Saeed A Alghamdi2, Abdullah H Sultan2, Naeem Qusty4
1Departement of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
2Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
3Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
4Medical Laboratories Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
♦Corresponding author
Dr. ShadiAlkhayyat. Associate Professor of Medicine and Oncology. Department of Internal Medicine. Faculty of Medicine. King
Abdulaziz University. Jeddah. Saudi Arabia
P.O.Box 80215 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Zip 21589,
Building 10- Second Floor,
Email: salkhayyat@kau.edu.sa
ABSTRACT
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an acute decrease in renal function that leads to an elevation in the serum blood urea
nitrogen, creatinine, and other nitrogenous waste products. Acute kidney injury is a known complication of cancer patients receiving
chemotherapy. Aim: To evaluate the occurrence of AKI at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) among adult cancer patients
undergoing nephrotoxic chemotherapy drugs (Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Cyclophosphamide, and Gemcitabine). Methods: In this
retrospective study, medical records of 1229 adult cancer patients were obtained. Of those, 682 were selected based on the use of
the drugs chosen for this study, and a total of 767 admissions were included. Acute kidney injury was diagnosed by evidence of an
increase in the creatinine level by 0.3 mg/dL or more between two successive cycles. Results: Out of the 767 admissions that were
obtained, 58 were found to have AKI. The study included 4 drugs: cisplatin (n=151, 19.7%); carboplatin (n=142, 18.5%); gemcitabine
(n=114, 14.9%); cyclophosphamide (n=320, 41.7%); as well as combinations consisting of cisplatin plus gemcitabine (n=22, 2.9%)
and carboplatin plus gemcitabine (n=18, 2.3%). The incidences of AKI with each were: cisplatin (n=14, 24.1%, P=0.475); carboplatin
(n=7, 12.1%, P=0.255); gemcitabine (n=12, 20.7%, P=0.269); cyclophosphamide (n=19, 32.8%, P=0.193); cisplatin plus gemcitabine
(n=5, 8.6%, P=0.020); and carboplatin plus gemcitabine (n=1, 1.7%, P=1.00). Conclusion: Acute kidney injury is more likely to develop
if these factors are found; male sex, mean age of 59 or older, using a protocol which includes a combination of cisplatin and
gemcitabine, and having a creatinine level above 115 μmol/L before the first cycle.
Keywords: Acute Kidney Injury; Nephrotoxic Chemotherapy, Cyclophosphamide, Gemcitabine
Medical Science, 2020, 24(106), 4341-4351
