Volume 24, Issue 105, November - December, 2020

Factors related to mild cognitive impairment among type 2 diabetic patients attending Diabetes Center in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia 2019-2020

Abdullah Aljohani^1♦, Khadega Ahmed Salem², Anas Aljohani³, Mujahid Aljohni⁴, Zain Alghamdi⁵, Rowaida Alhawsawi⁶

¹Community Medicine Resident, Joint Program of Preventive Medicine Al-Madinah Al-Munawara, Saudi Arabia
²Consultant of Community and Preventive Medicine Joint Program of Preventive Medicine Al-Madinah Al- Munawara, Saudi Arabia
³Internal Medicine Resident, King Fahad hospital Al-Madinah Al- Munawara, Saudi Arabia
⁴General Physician, King Fahad hospital Al-Madinah Al- Munawara, Saudi Arabia
⁵Consultant of Family Medicine Diabetic Center, King Fahad hospital Al-Madinah Al- Munawara, Saudi Arabia
⁶Nurse Diabetic Center, King Fahad hospital Al-Madinah Al- Munawara, Saudi Arabia

^♦Corresponding author
Community Medicine Resident, Joint Program of Preventive Medicine Al-Madinah Al-Munawara, Saudi Arabia. Email: abdullah_113@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a world-wide impact, it affect many organs and systems. Mild cognitive impairment is a well-known phenomena in elderly. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to improve health of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Al- Madinah City in concern of their mental health and improving their CNS function and cognition and to determine the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment among type 2 diabetic patients attending Diabetes Center in Al-Madinah City in 2019. In addition, identifying possible risk factors of mild cognitive impairment among the studied diabetic patients. Subjects and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The present study conducted at outpatient clinics in the diabetic center of Al Madinah. This is the largest diabetic center in Al_MadinahAlMunawara region and serves the city and most of the nearby cities. The diabetic patients are attending the center for treatment and follow up. The study was taking about 12 months from the mid 2019 till the mid 2020. All type 2 diabetic patients attending the diabetes center during the period of the study were eligible to be included in the present study. The data collection tools were two questionnaires. The first one is general and structured questionnaire designed with special emphasis on general demographics and risk factors of MCI. The second one was the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Result: The mean age of the studied patients was 52.2 ± 7.5 years with 59% participants aged 50 and more years, and male patients were representing 71% of the studied patients. Of the studied 200 patients there have been 118 (59%) patients showed normal cognitive function. Forty-eight patients (24%) were found to have mild cognitive impairment, 15% showed moderate and 2% showed severe impairment. The pie chart showed the frequency distribution and percentage of the cognitive impairment among the studied diabetic patients. Hypertensive patients were only showed a significant higher prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (34% vs. 21.2%). Although not significant the prevalence was also higher among patients with heart (38.4%) and CNS diseases (33.3%). Conclusion: There was considerable increment of MCI among type 2 diabetic patients. Certain factors appeared to be at a higher risk of MCI and was found to increase the prevalence among the studied diabetic patients. patients' age, sex, marital status, educational level and occupation are amongst the socio-demographic factors. Also, the diabetes duration, compliance to treatment, HbA1c level and type of medication as well as the associated heart disease and hypertension were included.

Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI)

Medical Science, 2020, 24(106), 4080-4090

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