Medical Science
Volume 24, Issue 106, November - December, 2020
Nocturnal enuresis among children: prevalence and risk factors
Reda Goweda1,2, Hanin Badr3♦, Wajd Benjabi3, Rouzan Kalantan3, Razan Kalantan3
1Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
2Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
3Medical intern, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
♦Corresponding author
Medical intern, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia; Email: hanin-a-badr@outlook.com
ABSTRACT
Background: Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is an inappropriate and involuntary wetting during sleep with a peak prevalence of
approximately 15–20% in 5-year-old children and older. The aim of this study is to report the prevalence and risk factor of nocturnal
enuresis among children in Makkah and Jeddah. Materials and Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among
Saudi children 5 years of age and older, Mecca and Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from 12 May to 12 July 2020. Data was collected using a
pre-designed questionnaire that was distributed online and included questions designed to fulfill the study objectives. Results: Out
of 363 children, 90.9% were Saudi, 92.8% of children families are with average/high economic level, and the parents had university
education. The prevalence of nocturnal enuresis (NE) among the children of the current study was high (63.9%). Nocturnal enuresis
is significantly associated with ages (years) P=0.002, OR=1.191, 95% CI (1.067 - 1.329), residence P=0.002, OR=2.565, 95% CI (1.409 -
4.672), and child order P=0.003, OR=2.897, 95% CI (1.419 - 5.912). Siblings with NE in childhood, parents' history of NE in childhood,
child snore during sleep, psychological problems, and history of urinary tract infection (UTI) were the most reported significant NE’s
risk factors. Conclusion: The prevalence of nocturnal enuresis (NE) among the children of the current study was high. The prevalence
of NE is significantly associated with age, residence, and child order. Therefore, more health education program should be provided
to increase parents’ awareness of NE symptoms and treatment to reduce NE’s occurrence.
Keywords: children, nocturnal enuresis, prevalence, risk factor.
Medical Science, 2020, 24(106), 4698-4706
