Medical Science
Volume 24, Issue 105, September - October, 2020
Patterns of oral inflammatory cells infiltrate associated with cigarette smoking
Hussain Gadelkarim Ahmed1,2♦, Muanera Ali Alqufeye1, Ghaida Ali Alsulaiman1, Latifah Lafy Alenezi1, Reem Khaled Almuslumani1, Ghofran Mohammed Alhussain1, Ahad Khaled Alenezi1, Adwaa Fahad Algharbi1, Amjad Eid Alanazi1, Noeer Khleef Alshammari1
1Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
2Department of Histopathology and Cytology, FMLS, University of Khartoum, Sudan
♦Corresponding author
Prof. Hussain Gadelkarim Ahmed, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Saudi Arabia, Email: hussaingad5@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
2Department of Histopathology and Cytology, FMLS, University of Khartoum, Sudan
Prof. Hussain Gadelkarim Ahmed, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Saudi Arabia, Email: hussaingad5@gmail.com
Background: Oral exfoliated cytology is one of the effective screening and diagnostic tools for early detection of oral mucosal
diseases. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional case-control study conducted in Ha’il city, Northern Saudi Arabia Smoked tobacco
users were ascertained as cases and non-tobacco users were ascertained as controls. Oral cytological materials were obtained by
brushing of the buccal mucosa. Results: Acute inflammatory cells infiltrate were identified in 9 cytological smears, 5 were from the
cases, and 4 from controls. Chronic inflammatory cells infiltrate were identified in 10 oral cytological smears 8 were from the cases
and 2 from controls. The risk of chronic inflammatory cells infiltrates associated with tobacco smoking, the odds ratio (OR), and 95%
confidence interval (95%CI) was, OR (95%CI) = 2.9565 (0.6084 to 14.3667), P = 0.1790, z statistics = 1.344. Fungal infection was
identified in 13 cytological smears, 10 belongs to cases and 3 belongs to controls. The risk of oral fungal infection associated with
tobacco smoking, OR (95%CI) was 1.344(0.6573 to 9.3678), P = 0.1799, z statistics = 1.341. Conclusion: Exposure to tobacco products
can induce inflammatory events in the buccal mucosa, which can be identified by oral exfoliated cytology. Fungal and viral oral
infections are common among tobacco users. Further research is needed to explore the hidden causes of inflammation and predict
their expected complications.
Keywords: Acute inflammatory cells infiltrate, cytological smears, chronic inflammatory cells infiltrates, oral cytology, HPV, Candida
Albicans.
Medical Science, 2020, 24(105), 2817-2825
