Volume 24, Issue 102, March - April, 2020

Histological and histomorphometrical evaluation of adipose tissue and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in regeneration of the cleft alveolus in dogs

Eman A. El Ashiry^1,2♦, Najlaa M. Alamoudi¹, Reem M. Allarakia³, Amr M. Bayoumi^4,5, Essam E. Ayad⁶, Amani A. Al Tuwirqi¹, Maha M. Mounir^7,8, Rahaf Sahhaf¹, Mohmed A. Abd El hamid⁹, Omar A. El Meligy^1,10

¹Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
²Pedodontic Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
³Specialist of Pediatric Dentistry at King Fahad Armed Force Hospital, Jeddah, kingdom of Saudi Arabia
⁴Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
⁵Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
⁶General Pathology Department and Head of Digital Pathology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Egypt
⁷Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
⁸Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
⁹Veterinary Surgery Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
¹⁰Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

^♦Corresponding author
Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia / Pedodontic Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Email: emanashkmm@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Background: The study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ATMSCs) compared to that of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) toward the regeneration of surgically created cleft alveolus in dogs. Methods: A split mouth experimental study was performed on 12 healthy mongrel dogs divided into two groups, 6 each. In group A, on the experimental side (right side of the maxilla), AT-MSCs, scaffold, and growth factors were transplanted into the surgically created alveolus while in group B, BM-MSCs, scaffold, and growth factors were transplanted into the experimental side. On the control sides (left side of the maxilla), the surgically created alveolus received only scaffold and growth factors. Bone regeneration was evaluated histologically and histomorphometrically at 1.5 and 3 months following dog scarification. The data were evaluated using descriptive and t test methods (p = 0.05). Results: Transplantation of both types of stem cells (ATMSCs or BM-MSCs) accelerated the healing and regeneration of the defected area as early as 1.5 and 3 months. Conclusion: ATMSCs exhibited comparable effectiveness to that of BM-MSCs. Combined with their low cost, ease of harvesting, and safer procedure, our results support AT-MSCs as a preferred option for clinical application.

Keywords: AT-MSC, BM-MSC, Bone regeneration, Cleft alveolus, Transplantation, Animal model, craniofacial engineering, Cleft lip and palate, Collagen scaffold

Medical Science, 2020, 24(102), 750-764

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