Volume 20, Issue 45, January - June, 2026

Glycaemic and Biochemical Changes in Response to Syzygium Aromaticum Administration in Diabetic Rats

Ilochi Nwabunwanne Ogadinma^1♦, Arthur Nwafor Chuemere^2,3, Omueti Shalom Crownwell³

¹Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University, Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
²Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria.
³Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Madonna University, Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria.

^♦Corresponding Author
Ilochi Nwabunwanne Ogadinma, Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

This study assessed the glycaemic and biochemical changes in response to Syzygium aromaticum administration in diabetic rats. The animals were sampled into 6 groups of 5 rats each. Group A; control, Group B; diabetic group, Group C; clove only, Group D-F; clove + alloxan, with concentration of 0.5,1 and 1.5 ml of clove, respectively. Diabetes was induced in groups B-F. Blood sample was collected via intraocular puncture weekly for analysis of fasting blood glucose (FBG) level. At the end of 4 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and blood samples taken for estimation of markers for oxidative stress, lipids and liver function markers. Results were significant, statistically, at P<0.05. The results showed the diabetic rats exhibited elevated levels of oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation, elevated levels of liver function markers and dyslipidemia. There was elevated FBG 1 and 2 and HbA1c, indicating poor glycemic control. When compared to the control, the treatment groups, D, E and F, dose-dependently showed a reduction in lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation and significant increase in the levels of oxidative stress enzyme markers, decrease in ALT and AST levels and increase in HDL. There was a significant reduction in FBG 2 and HbA1c. The glycemic and biochemical effect of S. aromaticum may be therapeutically beneficial in alloxan-induced diabetes in Wistar rats.

Keywords: Diabetes; Hyperglycemia; Cardiovascular; Lipoproteins; Biochemical

Drug Discovery, 2026, 20(45), e10dd3067

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Published: 12 April 2026