Volume 14, Issue 33, January - June, 2020

Hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis and diagnostic Novel biomarkers: A pathological systemic review

Abhishek Soni¹, Madhav Nilakanth Mugale^2♦

¹Division of Cancer Biology and Toxicology and Experimental Medicine and Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India – 226 031
²Senior Scientist, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India – 226 031

^♦Corresponding author
Madhav Nilakanth Mugale: Senior Scientist, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, India – 226 031, Email: madhav.mugale@gmail.com; Fax No.- +91-522-2771941/ Ext. No.4587, ORCID no. HTTP: //orcid.org/ 0000-0003-3138-3860

ABSTRACT

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent and predominant malignant tumor of the liver having a grave prognosis, and regularly diagnosed at an advanced stage. HCC is a multistep process involving the progressive accumulation of molecular variations signifying distinct molecular and cellular events. In a study involving the liver, it has been found that chronic liver diseases such as hepatitis B and hepatitis C amenable for HCC. Other risk factors for growing HCC includes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), chronic consumption of aflatoxin-contaminated food, iron overload, and the presence of a range of genetic metabolic diseases. For diagnosis of disease status, a number of various biomarkers such as Alfa-fetoprotein, GPC-3, GP-73, squamous cell carcinoma antigen, des-γ-carboxy prothrombin, circulating miRNAs and cancer stem cell marker is used to diagnosed and treat HCC. Biomarkers signify an enormously convenient way to detect disease progression and accurate analysis. This review aims to broaden our modern notion of the most relevant pathogenesis and molecular pathways involved in the development, progression and recent novel biomarkers involved in HCC.

Keywords: AFP; Hepatocellular carcinoma; HBV; HCV; MiRNA

Drug Discovery, 2020, 14(33), 119-129

PDF