Volume 30, Issue 176, October 2026

The Use of Probiotics and Synbiotics in the Prevention and Treatment of Post-Antibiotic Diarrhea in Children, with Particular Emphasis on the Future of Such Therapy

Zuzanna Domagała^♦, Daniel Glinka, Agata Choroś, Oliwia Dudek, Szymon Siudak, Maria Ryśkiewicz, Martyna Olszyna, Daria Kózka, Cezary Jasiński, Barbara Durma

Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland

^♦Corresponding author
Zuzanna Domagała, Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland

ABSTRACT

Post-antibiotic diarrhea (AAD) is a significant problem in children undergoing antibiotic therapy and is a visible symptom of gut microbiota depletion. To prevent this occurrence, probiotics such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745, and Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 may prove to be effective; they work by strengthening the intestinal barrier, modulating the immune system, influencing the metabolome, and through direct antagonism. Future therapy involves not only the use of such preparation but also nanocoating technology, which involves applying protective coatings at the single-cell level; analysis of the patient’s baseline microbiome structure to determine which strain is dominant and enable personalized therapy, as well as multiomic analytics and shotgun metagenomics, so that it is possible not only to monitor the composition of the patient’s bacteria but also their functional stability and the evolution of the resistome. Combining precision probiotic therapy with modern delivery systems and microbiome analytics represents the future of safe antibiotic therapy in the pediatric population.

Keywords: Post-antibiotic diarrhea, children, probiotics

Medical Science, 2026, 30, e200ms3978

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Published: 12 October 2026