Volume 30, Issue 174, August 2026

Next-Generation Periodontal Regeneration: Bridging Biologically Driven Therapies and Tissue Engineering – A Literature Review

Katarzyna Cybulska^1♦, Stanisław Janczarski¹, Julia Banaszczyk¹, Erwin Górski¹, Jakub Papierz¹, Gabriela Królczyk⁴, Aleksandra Pietrzyk², Mikołaj Cezary Krajewski³

¹Institute of Dentistry of the Central Clinical Hospital of the Medical University of Łódź, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Łódź, Poland
²Centralna Wojskowa Przychodnia Lekarska CePeLek SPZOZ, 78 Koszykowa Street, 00-911 Warszawa, Poland
³Independent Dental researcher, Poland
⁴Zespół Przychodni Specjalistycznych Sp. z o.o., 1 Skłodowskiej-Curie Street, 33-100 Tarnów, Poland

^♦Corresponding author
Katarzyna Cybulska, Institute of Dentistry of the Central Clinical Hospital of the Medical University of Łódź, Pomorska 251, 92-213 Łódź, Poland

ABSTRACT

The article presents the clinical transformation of periodontal regeneration therapy. It offers a unique view on the movement from mechanical methods to cellular signaling and custom three-dimensional tissue engineering techniques. In particular, the review focuses on the apparatus responsible for holding the teeth, namely, the alveolar bone, periodontal ligaments (PDLs), and cementum tissue. Initially, GTR used barrier membranes to block unwanted cells from the healing site, causing varying outcomes. However, in the past two decades, the field of periodontal regeneration has moved from using physical barriers to biological methods and bioengineering techniques. The introduction of biochemical substances, such as EMD, recombinant human growth factors (rhPDGF-BB, rhBMP- 2), and platelet concentrates (A-PRF, i-PRF), has enabled faster healing of soft and hard tissues. Furthermore, regenerative medicine has introduced new methods, including cell-based therapies (mesenchymal stem cells from PDLs and dental pulp) and cell-free therapies (exosomes), as well as 3D printing of biomimetic scaffolds that imitate the structure of the periodontium.

Keywords: periodontal regeneration; guided tissue regeneration; enamel matrix derivative; platelet-rich fibrin; stem cells; exosomes; 3D bioprinting; tissue engineering.

Medical Science, 2026, 30, e159ms3957

PDF

Published: 23 August 2026