Volume 2, Issue 8, October - December 2016

About the Cover

Environmental problems have emerged as a serious threat not only to the economic development of the countries but are also to human security. The threats posed by environmental crisis have gone beyond the traditional concepts of security (e.g. terrorism, border conflicts and other threats to the territorial integrity of a state or country). Since long Kazakhstan is suffering from many environmental problems especially nuclear contamination, shrinking of Aral Sea followed by desertification and destruction of aquatic and terrestrial habitat, monoculture farming followed by land degradation and soil pollution, urban pollution and natural disasters. These are endangering the security of human life in terms of economic loss, health problems and degrading the quality of some essential resources. There is increasing rate of out migration from the areas adjacent to Aral Sea and the areas of nuclear contamination. Deep ecological problems of the region can be considered as an indirect threat for regional security. In this context, this paper aims to determine the major non-traditional security threats in Central Asia in general and in Kazakhstan in particular, the impact of environmental problems as non-traditional security threats to the country and the major policy initiatives taken by Kazakhstan to deal with environmental problems.

Table of contents

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Analysis

Non-traditional security threats in Kazakhstan: an account of environmental problems

Sutandra Singha

Environmental problems have emerged as a serious threat not only to the economic development of the countries but are also to human security. The threats posed by environmental crisis have gone beyond the traditional concepts of security (e.g. terrorism, border conflicts and other threats to the territorial integrity of a state or country).

Climate Change, 2016, 2(8), 247-261

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Improving Energy Productivity and Environmental Sustainability in Poultry Broiler Production via Benchmarking: Data Envelopment Analysis Application

Sadiq MS, Singh IP, Umar SM, Grema IJ, Usman BI, Isah MA

Increasing population level and food demand around the world has made producers and policy makers to utilize scientific models and techniques for taking sustainability into consideration. Energy as an important ingredient in all production systems was the focal point in this study for the production process of broiler in poultry farms in Kaduna state, Nigeria.

Climate Change, 2016, 2(8), 262-273

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Assessment of physico-chemical properties of pond water in relation to seasonal changes of algal floral composition at Balagarh, Hooghly in West Bengal, India

Nilu Halder

The usual changes of water physico-chemical properties from one season to another resulted in the formation and development of different algal species in a stagnant aquatic ecosystem (pond) located at Balagarh, Hooghly in West Bengal, India. The shifting of climatic conditions as well as water nutrients status probably triggered the variations in the algal floral diversities in the studied freshwater pond.

Climate Change, 2016, 2(8), 274-282

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Spatio Temporal changes of Hudhud Cylclone (pre and post Analysis) Using GIS Technology

Naveen Kumar N, Swaraj J, Manjula Vani K

Developing countries are vulnerable to tropical cyclones due to climatic variability; climate is likely to increase the frequency and magnitude of some extreme weather and disaster events. Cities and towns situated along the coastal belt in Visakhapatnam district experienced severe damage because of HUDHUD cyclone, which occurred on the 12th of October, 2014.

Climate Change, 2016, 2(8), 283-291

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Hydro-climatic situation and water management practices in parts of trans-Himalayan region of Nepal

Gautam NP

Mustang is located in North Western part of Nepal and is also known as trans-Himalayan region. This paper is made from recent observation of Jomsom, Dhakarjun and Phalak regions along with rainfall and water flow data availed from Jomsom station of Mustang.

Climate Change, 2016, 2(8), 292-299

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Evaluating Climate Change Resilience Capacity of Community Forests Users in Terhathum Districts

Ram Asheshwar Mandal, Pramod Kumar Jha, Devi Chandra Pokhrel

Nepal is implementing the national adaptation programme of action (NAPA) through local adaptation plan of action (LAPA) to address issues of climate change. Therefore, this research was objectively carried out to explore the climate change impacts and susceptibility of community forest users and assess and compare their resilience capacity.

Climate Change, 2016, 2(8), 300-312

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Research

Restoration of saltmarsh as mitigative measure of climate change impact at Chittagong coastal area of Bangladesh

Islam MS, Al. Imran M, Mandol S, Bhuyan MS

The present study was carried out at Chittagong coastal area of Bangladesh to restore the saltmarsh from the month of December’ 2009 to the month of November’ 2010. Restoration of existing coastal salt marshes of Bangladesh will enhance the accretion of land in the coastal region by increasing sedimentation and reducing erosion via the establishment of complex root system of salt marsh vegetation in the intertidal zone.

Climate Change, 2016, 2(8), 313-329

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Supplementary: Water & Livelihood Adaptation

National Level Seminar on Climate Change, Water Resource Management and Livelihood Adaptation

Kirit Shelat

Indian Economy is doing extremely well. The rate of growth of GDP is between 7 to 8%. Poverty in rural areas has declined from 80% to 20% prior to Independence. Country used to import food grains in the initial years, but since then it has gained self sufficiency and now exports.

Climate Change, 2016, 2(8), 330-341

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Summary of National Level Seminar on Climate Change, Water Resource Management and Livelihood Adaptation

NCCSD

The increase in temperature has already adverse impact on productivity of wheat and rice. There are already traditional stress resilient crops – like Millet, Sorghum, Maize, Nagli ,But due to availability of wheat and rice through public distribution system (PDS) at a cheap price demand for these food grains have gone down.

Climate Change, 2016, 2(8), 342-362

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Gujarat Drip Irrigation Approach

Sugoor RK

Climate-smart agriculture, forestry and fisheries (CSA), as defined and presented by FAO at the Hague Conference on Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change in 2010, contributes to the achievement of sustainable development goals. It integrates the three dimensions of sustainable development (economic, social and environmental) by jointly addressing food security and climate challenges.

Climate Change, 2016, 2(8), 363-414

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Indian Food Security Portal

Jaspreet Aulakh

Key Features : Price Watch; A Network of Experts; Themes and Discussions; Interactive Maps; Resources (DNP) (Ag Commodity Prices and Returns); Ag Commodity Market Tools; Media Analysis Tools; Electronic and In person Dialogue.

Climate Change, 2016, 2(8), 415-422

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Water resources management in Gujarat

Raval MP

Prevention of salinity ingress and thereby improvement in surface & ground water quality; Flood protection and prevention of land erosion of low lying left bank area; Shorter connectivity to Dahej-Hajira (Olpad-Hansot road) by six lane road on barrage top.

Climate Change, 2016, 2(8), 423-459

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Water resource management at local level

Sama RK

Rain water conservation including rain water harvesting; Effective use of surface run off; increase permeability, absorption and increase bio-mass; Improving ground water storage; natural and artificial recharge; Soil and moisture conservation for raising land productivity.

Climate Change, 2016, 2(8), 460-480

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Agriculture: Water Management

Shital Sharma

Unit cost of Micro-Irrigation systems should be revised as per prevailing Market rates. Pending liability of 2014-15 could not be cleared by State Govt. hence the permission is sought from GOI to utilize unspent balance of the year 2014-15 to utilize in 2016-17 for clearing the pending liability of 2014-15 as per GOI funding pattern 60:40.

Climate Change, 2016, 2(8), 481-504

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Climate Change, Groundwater and Livelihoods: India’s Opportunities for Adaptation and Mitigation

Tushaar Shah

Indo-Gangetic Plains get snow-melt until 2030, and severely reduced snowmelt run off thereafter. Western and peninsular India will get 5-10% more precipitation but in intense rainfall events. Fewer very wet days; more dry days; more frequent floods and droughts; Monsoon crops at higher risk of flood/drought.

Climate Change, 2016, 2(8), 505-525

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Reports

Assessing Climate Vulnerability in Disparate Places–Alaska and South Florida

Frederick Bloetscher, Colin Polsky, William Schnabel, Billy Connor

Florida and Alaska are opposites when it comes to many things. Alaska is cold; Florida is the land of eternal summer. Alaska has snow and blizzards; Florida has tropical storms with pound in grain. Sea level rise is a critical concern to much of Florida’s coast, and loss of beach sand is an enduring issue where storms or development have occurred.

Climate Change, 2016, 2(8), 526-550

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Community Education on Climate Change Adaptation: A Biproduct of Integrated Water Resources Management, in Durlung Basin Nepal

Sabita Aryal Khanna, Rijan Bhakta Kayastha

The impacts of climate change on the water cycle are believed to have considerable consequences. Involvement of local government school on measurement of climatic variable such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, river water level etc. and publishing this information on public board has been able to proof a step to build capability on climate Change Adaptation.

Climate Change, 2016, 2(8), 551-556

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Examining Rainfall and Temperature Pattern Change over Time: A Case of Kishapu District, Shinyanga Region in Tanzania

Katunzi, Bushesha, Mwakalila

This paper examined rainfall and temperature pattern change over time in Kishapu district of Shinyanga region in Tanzania. Specifically, the study identified changes in rainfall and temperature patterns for the period 1960s-2010s in the study area. Six villages were selected representing three agro-ecological zones: highlands, middle and lower lands. A total of 235 heads of households (10%) were selected for the study.

Climate Change, 2016, 2(8), 557-572

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Air quality status in fast developing city of Western Himalayan State of India

Kartikey Sahil, Aggarwal RK, Bhardwaj SK

A study was carried out to assess the status of air pollutants in Solan city and to find out the air quality index (AQI). The concentration of PM10, SO2, NO2 and VOCs was found highest at commercial area while the minimum concentration was found at state highway except VOCs which was lowest at industrial area.

Climate Change, 2016, 2(8), 573-588

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Changing Climate and its effect on Cyanobacteria

Gupta P

Cyanobacteria are the most primitive life form on earth, play major role in scavenging volume of carbon dioxide and produces maximum oxygen in the atmosphere and metabolites through photosynthetic process. Summer month and elevated water temperature for longer period in combination with pollutants and liquid waste discharge created suitable environmental condition for growth of cyanobacteria.

Climate Change, 2016, 2(8), 589-600

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